Zarqa Journal for Research and Studies in Humanities
The International Arab Journal of Information Technology (IAJIT) is a specialized, refereed, and indexed journal that is published in English at the rate of six issues per year. IAJIT is the official journal of the Colleges of Computer and Information Society (CCIS), stemming from the Association of Arab Universities and published by Zarqa University, Jordan. IAJIT invites contributions from researchers, scientists, and practitioners from all over the world. The journal's papers cover various fields of humanities, such as literature, Sharia, economics, journalism, arts, education, law, and administration. It is concerned with transferring and developing knowledge so that researchers and those interested in these fields can get acquainted with everything new. As the journal hopes to benefit researchers in these fields, it seizes the opportunity to call upon the specialists in these fields to provide the editorial board with any comments or proposals that would raise the level of papers published by th
The Extent to Which Palestinian News Agencies Are Influenced by Israeli Media From Palestinian Journalists' Perspective
This study aims to examine the extent to which Palestinian news agencies are influenced by Israeli media and to investigate the reasons that drive these agencies to rely on Israeli sources. It also seeks to identify the methods Palestinian news agencies use to relay information from Israeli media, categorize the types of information transfer, and assess the impact of these practices on Palestinian agencies. The researcher employed a quantitative approach using a questionnaire as a data collection tool, which was administered to a sample of 100 Palestinian journalists in the West Bank, representing the study population. The study's findings confirmed the main hypothesis that Palestinian news agencies regard Israeli media as a primary source of news. It was found that the main reason behind this reliance on Israeli media is the strength of the Israeli media machinery, the scarcity of Palestinian sources, and the weaknesses in Palestinian media. The results showed that the most commonly used method by these agencies was the rephrasing of terms, and that relaying information from Israeli media has affected Palestinian news agencies, creating a space for the transmission of the Israeli narrative.
The Effect of the Death of the Check Drawer A Study of the Rules of Jordanian Commercial Law, the Military Order Amending the Provisions of the Commercial Law, and the Instructions of the Palestinian Monetary Authority
The study aims to clarify the effect of the death of the cheque drawer on the relationship linking the drawer to both the beneficiary and the drawee bank, through a comparative analysis between the provisions of the Jordanian Commercial Law, the Israeli military orders applied in Palestine, and the instructions of the Palestinian Monetary Authority. It defines the concept of the cheque under the Commercial Law and the amendment introduced by the military orders, which establish the post-dated cheque. The study adopts the descriptive method in a comparative approach by examining the provisions of the Jordanian Commercial Law No. (12) of 1966, the Military Order No. 889 applied in the West Bank, and the instructions of the Palestinian Monetary Authority, linking them to judicial applications. The findings indicate that the cheque functions as both a payment and credit instrument, leading to several legal consequences upon the drawer’s death, including the termination of the contractual relationship with the drawee bank and the maturity of a post-dated cheque due to the lapse of the term. The study concludes by urging the Palestinian legislator to clarify its position regarding Article (250) of the Jordanian Commercial Law in light of Military Order No. 889 and the Monetary Authority’s instructions, and to issue Palestinian legislation amending the rules governing cheques, repealing Military Order No. 889, and regulating the legal effects of the drawer’s death and the rights of cheque holders.
Predestination in the Quran and Sunnah and refuting its misconceptions about them
This research aims to respond to the suspicion of determinism that appeared at the beginning of the second century AH at the hands of Jahm bin Safwan, the founder of the Jahmite sect - the Jabriyah - which is based on the fact that man has no will or choice, and that he is forced to do his actions. They relied on verses from the Holy Quran and hadiths from the Noble Prophetic Sunnah that they thought indicated determinism, because they mixed up determinism and destiny, and believed that destiny means compulsion. This research aims to respond to these suspicions that they thought indicated determinism from the Qur’an and Sunnah. In this research, the analytical approach was followed by reading the information related to the subject, then analyzing some information, especially those related to determinism, then criticizing these suspicions and responding to them and deducing some responses to them. The most important results of the research were that destiny and compulsion do not have the same meaning, and that the Holy Quran and the Prophetic Sunnah did not use the word compulsion at all, and that many texts of the Holy Quran and the Prophetic Sunnah showed that man has a choice and is not forced to do his actions, and that the verses and hadiths that were used as evidence by those who said compulsion do not indicate it. If understood correctly, and combined with other verses that indicate choice.
The Legal Implications of Corporate Acquisition A Comparative Study Between Yemeni Law and Jordanian Law
This study analyzes the legal implications of corporate acquisition operations in Yemen and Jordan by examining the relevant legislative provisions and discussing the prevailing jurisprudential views. It highlights the legislative shortcomings surrounding the regulation of such operations and proposes appropriate legal solutions to address them. The study finds that neither the Yemeni nor the Jordanian legislation provides a detailed framework for regulating acquisitions, except for the Jordanian legislator’s reference to holding companies as a principal model of acquisition. It further reveals that acquisition does not result in the dissolution of the acquired company’s legal personality, as it retains its independent legal identity and financial autonomy. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for both Yemeni and Jordanian legislators to adopt a clear legal framework governing acquisition operations in a manner that ensures a balance between the interests of commercial companies and limits unlawful dominance within the economic environment.
The International Criminal Court's ruling to overturn the annulment of the Jordanian commercial trial under Administrative Judiciary Law No. 27 of 2014, and the Jordanian legislature's Stance on It.
This study dealt with the modern methods of annulment issued by the administrative courts in Jordan. The problem of the study revolved around the responsibility incurred by the administration in the event of its refusal to implement the judicial ruling of annulment, in addition to the existence of a legislative deficiency that allows the administrative judiciary to direct an order to the administration to implement the annulment ruling. To address this problem, the researcher followed The descriptive approach, through describing the problem under study, and the analytical approach, through analyzing the texts regulating this in Jordanian legislation, At the end of the study, the researcher reached a number of results, the most important of which is that it became clear from what was stated in the provisions of Jordanian law that the administrative judiciary has authority over the administration represented by the right to cancel the administrative decision without interfering in the heart of the administration’s work. Among the most important recommendations is that the researcher recommends to the Jordanian legislator by creating a legislative text that gives the administrative judge the authority to order the administration to implement the cancellation ruling issued by him.
Jordanian legislator The authoritativeness of The Annulment Ruling
The Administration's refusal to Implement it
Treating Three non-canonical lections from the Book of Alshawarid by Alsaghani (1252 AD)
This paper is titled as ‘Addressing three irregular words from Al Shawaridh Al Sghani’, has been researched and studied in order to clarify what has Sheikh Al Sgahani discussed in His book regarding attributing every recitation to the person who was frequently transmitting it in the abnormal way. Furthermore, this study aimed to treat linguistically abnormal words by referencing it to the Arabic language and dictionary books and to further know the prominent role that was played by our Scholars in directing, scrutinizing and discussing these words. The study was conducted by using different research methods such as inductive and analytical methodologies to analyze and conclude the irregular words in the Al Shawaridh Al Sghani book. This study had finally concluded that, the Holy Quran plays a major role in directing the correcting Quran recitations through highlighting its linguistic aspects, while the Great Holy Quran had reached its high point level of rhetoric and eloquence which there is no way to know the secrets of its eloquence and its wonderful subtleties except by knowing the methods, arts and forms of the language. It is also clearly known that there aren’t any contradiction readings and that the frequent Quranic readings are usually complementary to each other. Hence, each reading is a verse adding a new meaning to the Quranic text, as it is considered to be a fruitful field for linguists and commentators to derive other legal rulings from it. This is an indication of the magnificence and virtue of the readings and that the scholars had defined that these abnormal words or readings are not defined in the Holy Quran. They usually discussing it in the books where guidance and interpretation is required to explain a phrase or an interpretive issue, interpret a verse, derive a ruling or otherwise while attributing it to the book reader.
Jurisprudential Transformation - An Applied Fundamental Study
Objectives: This study aims to clarify the definition of jurisprudential transformation and to explain its legitimacy. It also aims to explain its oaths and controls. The study also aims to present the provisions of transformation and some contemporary jurisprudential applications to jurisprudential transformation. Methodology: This study is based on the inductive approach by tracing texts from the Qur’an and Sunnah, and from the books of jurists, and also the analytical approach to analyze these texts, and from the price of the deductive approach to extract the meaning of the jurisprudential transformation, its legitimacy, and the wisdom of its legitimacy. Results: This study reached the most prominent results: Jurisprudential transformation is a change in the reality of the thing itself, its quality, state, place, or ruling for a reason considered by Sharia. This study also demonstrates the legal controls for jurisprudential transformation, and among these controls is that the jurisprudential transformation be based on evidence or a legitimate reason. It is not permissible to change the legal ruling except with legitimate evidence or a legitimate reason. The study also clarifies the provisions of the jurisprudential transformation and shows that they differ depending on their places. There is a transformation that applies to the eye, the condition and characteristic, the person, and a transformation in contracts. The study concludes with contemporary jurisprudential applications to the jurisprudential transformation. Conclusion: The study shows that this term was not mentioned explicitly by the advanced jurists but it was mentioned indirectly. It was permissible among the advanced scholars to use “transition”, and this is what contemporary scholars have defined of the jurisprudential transformation. Also, out of the wisdom of the legitimacy of the transformation is that it came to relieve the people of embarrassment, and this is one of the reasons for the jurisprudential transformation. The tolerant purposes of Sharia
The Prospective Leadership of Principals of Secondary Schools and Its The Relationship to Teachers' Self-Control in Governorate of Zarqa
This effort aims to reveal the correlation between the forward-looking leadership of principals of secondary schools and its relationship to the self-censorship of teachers in the Governorate of Zarqa. The researcher used the descriptive correlation method. A questionnaire constituted of (43) items was developed and distributed; it is composed from three main fields. The questionnaire’s validity and reliability were checked. A stratified random method was used for sampling (346) teachers. The degree of practicing forward-looking leadership came to a high degree. Also, forward-looking leadership according to gender, practical experience, and educational qualification, and that the level of self-control among teachers derived to a high degree. There are no notable statistical variances observed based on the factors of gender, practical experience, and educational background. Whereas there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the degree of leadership practice, the prospectiveness of principals and the level of self-control among teachers. Paying attention to training school principals and empowering them professionally; setting goals that increase self-monitoring for teachers; and adopting methods of participation in decision-making.
Being and having in Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in The Sun: A Marxist-Existential Perspective
Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun (1959) participates in a larger philosophical dialogue about black liberation. The play presents several black generations in America, each with his or her own dream and nightmare, hopes and fears. The cross-generational dream of liberty is caught between being and having: the existential encounter and material gain. This article explores the tension between being and having in capitalist America. It dissects the clash between historical determinism, class conflict, and existential struggle that leads the scenes and acts of the play. Walter Lee ascribes his family’s struggle to an economic one and reduces subjectivity to materialism. He proposes that by changing the material world, the Youngers can understand their situation and, therefore, can improve it. However, Walter Lee is faced with race consciousness that intensifies his dilemma. On the other hand, Mama faces the problem of re-appropriating her consciousness in material temporality, shaping a hybrid combination of Marxist existentialism.
Semantic Dimensions of Text and Context in Analyzing Speech of His Majesty King Abdullah II Ibn Al Hussein on the Occasion of the Silver Jubilee).
The study adopted the discourse analysis approach in light of text linguistics. To reveal the objectives of discourse through analyzing language, which is a tool for communication, influence and persuasion between the sender and the recipient. It aimed to demonstrate the effect of language in directing the recipient towards the objectives of the discourse. This is by analyzing the speech of His Majesty King Abdullah II Ibn Al Hussein to Jordanian men and women at the national event on the occasion of the silver jubilee of His Majesty assuming his constitutional powers. It sought to analyze the macro-macro and micro-structures that make up it, trying to read the text and context according to the tools of linguistic consistency that make meaning the basis for understanding any structure, and interpreting the political, cultural, religious and social dimensions included in the structures of discourse. The study concluded that the rhetorical methods used by His Majesty are consistent with the diversity of the tools of the internal textual structure of the discourse, including its vocabulary, structures, and composing sentences, and its linguistic and non-linguistic context at the lexical, syntactic, and semantic levels, This speech drew semantic dimensions for the silver jubilee speech in the minds and hearts of Jordanians, and clarifies their relationship with His Majesty the King, which is considered an extension from the past to the present and an anticipation of the future of achievement.
New Media and Digital Diplomacy in Saudi-Iraqi Rapprochement: An Academic Perspective
shaping mutual perceptions and expanding cultural and social interaction beyond formal diplomacy. Using a qualitative design, the study draws on interviews with academic elites from Saudi and Iraqi universities and analyzes the data through Qualitative Analysis. Findings indicate that platforms such as X (formerly Twitter), TikTok, and Facebook help reduce psychological and informational gaps between the two societies by circulating shared values and everyday cultural narratives. Official digital channels strengthen institutional communication, while popular platforms foster social proximity and empathy. Academics emerge as influential actors in moderating digital discourse, correcting misconceptions, and producing credible knowledge-based content. Citizens also participate as active creators, using digital platforms to represent their culture and daily life, which makes new media a dynamic space for human interaction. However, the effectiveness of new media is constrained by limited media literacy, weak institutional coordination, and uneven digital skills. The study recommends developing joint digital communication strategies, strengthening academics’ digital engagement capacities, and supporting community-driven initiatives that promote cross-cultural understanding.
Resonant Leadership and Its Contribution to Organizational Proactiveness Through the Mediating Role of Organizational Agility An Analytical Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Employees in Private Hospitals in the center of Duhok Governorate
The current research aims to study the effect of resonant leadership represented by (vigilance dimension, hope dimension, and empathy dimension) in achieving organizational proactivity represented by (proactive behavior, strategic behavior, and orientation towards competitors), and to test the mediating role of organizational agility represented by (sensing flexibility, decision-making flexibility, and implementation flexibility) as an indirect variable in the influential relationship between the two variables, from the point of view of a sample of employees in private hospitals in the center of Duhok Governorate / Kurdistan Region - Iraq. The descriptive analytical approach was used, and the questionnaire was adopted as a tool for collecting data from a sample of (150) employees. The research hypotheses were tested using the (SPSS Version 25) program. The research reached a set of results, the most important of which is that organizational agility plays an important mediating role in enhancing the impact of resonant leadership on organizational proactivity. This indicates that enhancing the organizational agility of hospitals can increase the effectiveness of resonant leadership in achieving organizational proactivity of hospitals. Accordingly, to achieve organizational proactivity in private hospitals in Duhok Governorate, it is suggested that it is necessary to enhance the organizational agility of hospitals, which enhances the effectiveness of resonant leadership and achieves organizational proactivity, thus improving performance and then achieving sustainable competitive advantage for hospitals.
Private Hospitals in Duhok Governorate Center/ Kurdistan Region-Iraq
The critical efforts of syntacticians on the issue of the connection of pronunciation with meaning
This study is concerned with revealing the attention syntacticians paid to the relationship of pronunciation to meaning, and its impact on producing connotations that contribute to understanding literary discourse and expanding the field of interpreting meanings with it. They paid attention to the duality of pronunciation and meaning in terms of correlation, and the lack of separation between them in the Holy Qur’an and poetry, contrary to the position of the Mu’tazilites and theologians, and those influenced by them. Among the critics and some syntacticians who called for the separation between pronunciation and meaning on the one hand, and the rational meanings apparent through the pronunciation alone on the other hand, the syntacticians became familiar with the meanings of the Qur’an and its metaphors, and in criticizing poetry. Their opinions emerged through their explanations of collections and poetic anthologies.. This study demonstrates the syntacticians understanding of this dual relationship on several levels, and the resulting critical terminology that enriched the critical lesson with its various and special connotations at the levels of the connection between the word and the meaning and the separation between them, such as: (metaphor, representation, and inversion), (presentation and delay), (deletion and repetition), and (Hiding and revealing) and (compensation, disclosure, and metonymy), and in terms of the significance resulting from the relationship of the word to the meaning, such as: (quality of the word, bad word, arbitrariness of the word, sweet meaning, poor meaning, honor of the meaning, absurd, colloquial and cold meaning, integrity of the word, and corruption. Pronunciation and meaning) and finally in terms of the pronunciation adding to or subtracting from the meaning: (such as exposition and explicitness such as lengthening, elongation, taђjil, indentation, completion) and etc. This study will clarify the concept of critical terminology that resulted from their precise understanding of the meaning of the term by comparing the opinions of syntacticians among themselves, according to chronology across the first five centuries of the AH, citing the opinions of non-grammar critics and comparing them with their opinions, and showing the aspects of syntacticians superiority over others in accurately understanding the meaning of the term.
The role of inclusive learning Environments in promoting Digital Citizenship Values among Teachers and students from the perspective of public School Principals in The Northeastern Badia Region.
This study aimed to reveal the role of integrated learning environments in promoting digital citizenship values among Teachers and students from the perspective of male and female government school principals, taking into account the variables of gender, educational qualification, and years of experience. To achieve the study's objectives, a descriptive survey methodology was followed, and a random sample of 130 principals was selected during the 2022/2023 academic year. To collect data, a questionnaire consisting of (29) items distributed in three areas was used: professional ethics, the nature of digital interactions, and individual development and achievement. The results showed that the general level of performance on the study instrument was medium. The results revealed that the differences were statistically significant in the estimates of the sample of inclusive Learning Environments in supporting Digital Citizenship values in favour of female principals in the dimensions of professional ethics and the nature of digital interactions, while the differences were significant in all dimensions in favour of male and female principals with 10 years of experience and more. The differences were not significant according to the difference in academic qualifications. The study recommended promoting digital culture and cultural networking to identify best digital practices and utilize them in enhancing the digital citizenship values system.
The Fact of Algerian Women's Participation in The Labor Market (An Analytical Study)
This study aims to analyze the status of the participation rate of Algerian women in the labor force in labor market, and investigate some macro factors that affect this rate in Algeria during the period (1990- 2019) . The Fully Modified Lease Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Lease Squares (DOLS) approach were employed to estimate the econometric model. The results show that the fertility rate, real GDP and the rate of females enrolled in secondary education have a positive and statistical significant impact on participation rate of women in the labor force. Based on the data analysis in this study, the authors provide some recommendations to improve the participation rate of women in the labor force that can positively reflected on economic growth in Algeria.
The overlapping of literary genres, Al-Suyuti’s Maqamat Al-Rihain
Literary genres varied and overlapped in the genre of "Maqama literature", where the recipient can glimpse the magnificence and monotony that Al-Suyuti added in his Maqamat called “Al-Rihayn” when he combined diverse literary genres in one prose form, which he called “Maqama.” Then, he dissolved the differences between these literary genres, so a mixture manifested that combined with each other to form a literary genre. In this literary genre, the elements that make up a creative work are fused including time, place, characters, dialogue, language, the exchange of roles, plot, and a solution that satisfies everyone with the cleverness of the creator and the soundness of his opinion without the recipient feeling any separation between these literary genres that have come together in one crucible to add beauty and creativity, achieving a remarkable presence and a rich record of life in all its aspects. Here, definitely, we are definitely faced with Creation, creativity, and generation as the "Maqama" is a sea without a coast, and it has transcended its spaces.
The level of creative Thinking and its Relationship to the Level of Skill Performance in Breaststroke Swimming among Students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences at Mutah University
The study aimed to find out the level of creative thinking and its relationship to the level of skillful performance in breaststroke swimming among students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences at Mutah University. Where the descriptive correlation method was used. The study sample consisted of (55) students in the swimming course at the College of Sports Sciences at Mutah University. The sample was selected by the purposive method. Where the creative thinking scale was used, which consisted of (19) items, and the skill performance scale, which consisted of (12) items. The results of the study showed that the level of creative thinking among students at the macro level was at a high level. While the results showed that the skillful performance was at an average level. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between creative thinking and skill level. The study concluded with several recommendations, the most important of which is the generalization of the results of the study to decision makers to identify the importance of creative thinking on skillful performance in the practice of water sports.
Legal Accountability for Terrorist Acts under International Law
This study examines and analyzes the international legal framework for combating terrorism in light of contemporary security and political challenges that necessitate strengthening the international legal response to this growing phenomenon. The legal approach in this research focuses on reviewing and analyzing the most prominent relevant international conventions, assessing their adequacy in addressing terrorism from a comprehensive and integrated legal perspective. The study begins with the problem of the absence of a unified legal definition of terrorism in international instruments, which results in weak legal coordination among states and divergent legislative approaches regarding the characterization of terrorist acts. By analyzing the relationship between terrorism and international criminal law, the research addresses the possibility of considering terrorism as an independent international crime and examines the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court over such crimes within the current framework of the Rome Statute. The research also explores the dimensions of international responsibility borne by states and non-state actors when implicated in financing terrorism or providing logistical support, in light of the rules on state responsibility for internationally wrongful acts. It highlights the challenges related to proving such responsibility, especially given the multiplicity of international non-state actors and the complexity of roles in contemporary terrorist operations. On the procedural side, the study discusses mechanisms of international cooperation in combating terrorism, such as extradition, information exchange, and mutual legal assistance, pointing out practical and legal shortcomings that limit the effectiveness of these mechanisms, particularly amid concerns related to human rights violations and state sovereignty. The research concludes that, despite relative developments, the current international legal framework requires comprehensive revision, including adopting a unified international definition of terrorism, strengthening accountability mechanisms, and developing legal cooperation tools to balance security needs with respect for fundamental human rights and international law principles.
The Degree to which Primary School Teachers Possess the Competencies of Inclusive Education from the Point of View of Educational Supervisors in the Directorate of Education Kasbah Amman District
The study aimed to reveal the degree to which basic stage teachers possess inclusive education competencies from the point of view of educational supervisors. The study used the descriptive survey method. The sample of the study consisted of all the educational supervisors in the Qasaba Amman Directorate in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, numbering (50) male and female supervisors. The results showed that the effectiveness of professional learning communities as a supervisory method in the professional development of teachers, from the point of view of educational supervisors, came to a large degree. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α = 0.05) in the response of the study sample to the tool due to the variables (sex and educational qualification), while there were statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α = 0.05) in the response of the study sample to the tool, attributed to the variable of experience and in favor of 10 years or more. In light of the results, the study recommends the continuation of the professional development of teachers through professional learning communities at the level of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan to achieve many fruitful results in the educational process. A set of recommendations was presented, including constant interest in raising the efficiency of teachers with appropriate supervisory methods at the level of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan as a whole, to achieve many fruitful results in the educational process. Additionally, the study suggests guiding educational leaders in the educational process to support and facilitate the work of educational supervisors in raising the efficiency of teachers for inclusive education, and promoting the flexibility of administrative decisions to facilitate their work..
The degree to which educational supervisors implement integrated supervision from the perspective of school principals
The study aimed to identify the degree of implementation of the integrated supervision from the point of view of School principals, and examine the differences of it to different variables: gender, school type, years of experience and educational qualification, by following the descriptive approach according to the comprehensive survey method. To collect data, a questionnaire consisting of (31) items was used, divided into four areas: job competencies, digital work environment, digital competencies, and administrative support and encouragement. The sample of the study consisted of (100) male and female managers working in the Directorate of Education for the Rusaifa region. The results showed that the degree of application of integrated supervision was medium, and it also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the estimates of the respondents for the degree of application of integrated supervision due to the variables of gender, type of school, years of experience, and educational qualification. The study recommended the need to reduce the digital gap among supervisors, develop legislation and instructions regulating integrated supervision, And provide supervisors with guiding evidence on strategies for applying it in schools in the light of the best international supervisory practices, and designing a digital platform linking schools and supervision departments that includes multifunctional applications that facilitate the implementation of supervisory work electronically.
The Impact of Political Stability on the Value Traded at Amman Stock Exchange
This study mainly aimed to investigate the impact of political stability, money supply, and foreign indirect investment on the volume of trade in Amman Stock Exchange during the period (1996-2020) using annual data, where the main hypothesis of the study is that there is no significant impact of political stability on volume of trade in Amman Stock Exchange. To achieve this goal, both descriptive and econometrical approaches were utilized. Based on the results of those tests and due to the stationarity of the data at the level and the presence of co-integration, the long-term relationship was estimated using the Fully Modified OLS and Canonical Cointegrating Regression Method were applied. All the variables except political stability were taken as a percentage of nominal GDP. The results of the study showed that there is a positive and statistically significant impact of political stability, money supply and foreign indirect investment on the volume of trade in Amman Stock Exchange.
Effect of Publication Ban Decisions on the Performance of Journalists in Jordanian Media Institutions
This study aims to understand the effect of publications ban decisions on the performance of Jordanian journalists and their relationship with the spread of rumors through social media platforms. It employs a survey methodology to examine practice patterns on a systematic random sample of (300) members of the Jordan Press Association. The study concludes that the most prominent reasons for issuing publication bans, from the respondents' perspective, are to "maintain the secrecy of investigations". The most important topics warranting such decisions are "pornographic or inappropriate content related to the case". A majority of the respondents (63.7%) indicates that publication bans significantly affect their performance, with the most notable impact being the "restriction of journalists' access to information". The results also show no significant differences in the degree of impact of publication bans on the performance of journalists in Jordan based on gender, the type of media ownership, the media outlet, years of experience, and academic qualifications.
The Apocalyptic Order of the Most Beautiful Names of Allah in The Holy Qur’an
The aim of this study is to demonstrate the importance of the meaning of Allah's Most Beautiful Names in human life. The study drew the attention of researchers and scholars to the fact that in the Holy Quran, there are names of Allah that have been proven, after thorough investigation of their occurrence in the Surahs and verses of the Quran, to have a specific and ordered sequence. The number of these names is ninety-nine, and it is expected that this study will encourage the use of Allah's Most Beautiful Names, which are found in the Holy Quran, instead of the names found in the Hadith of Al-Tirmidhi, which people have taken to memorizing and many scholars have explained, despite the fact that the names in this Hadith are not from the sayings of the Prophet, peace be upon him, nor are they arranged by him, but rather they are the result of the narrator's interpretation and effort.
"Employing Dramatic Folk Games in Jordanian Theater: An Applied Study"
This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of employing dramatic folk games in Jordanian theater and to examine the intellectual aspects and dramatic approaches of these games, as well as how they can inspire theatrical performance. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to one of the few studies addressing this topic. The researcher seeks to analyze the nature of folk games, their intellectual and aesthetic content, and their motor and dialogic dimensions by purposefully selecting a number of such games and integrating them into theatrical construction. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology and is limited to the performance of the play “Let’s Play” (2024), staged in Amman, Jordan.The findings indicate that Jordanian folk games contain several dramatic elements, including the presence of a text or idea, improvisational dialogue, a performer/actor, and an audience, all characterized by a collective and entertaining nature. Integrating these games into theatrical performance also conveys social, educational, and cultural messages that contribute to the development of social identity and personal growth in areas such as cooperation, solidarity, and the promotion of peace. This is achieved through framing cultural heritage associated with practices derived from daily life. Additionally, these games play a role in transmitting customs, traditions, and skills naturally and spontaneously from one generation to the next, highlighting features of popular culture rich in humanistic and social meanings, such as the importance of belonging and attachment to land and country. This study may benefit practitioners in folk arts and theater—including playwrights, directors, actors, and critics—as well as academic institutions concerned with folk culture and theater studies.
The Departed on Guidance: A Study of the Omani Suluk Poem
This study explores some characteristics of the journey in the Omani Suluk (conduct) poem. It focuses on three main issues. The first revolves around the terms "journey" and "travel," searching for the references poets draw upon in shaping their poetic world as they embark on their spiritual journey toward Allah. The second is concerned with the features and contexts of travel, while the third is devoted to the purposes of such journeys. Through a structural approach, the study concludes that the terms related to departure are deeply rooted in a traditional poetic reference, primarily associated with praise poetry, as well as a Sufi poetic tradition. The study also finds that the poet is captivated by discussing the reasons that make the journey arduous and difficult to achieve, and is equally fascinated by describing the sweetness and joy of the journey if the traveler, guided by the light of truth, attains his spiritual goal in his quest toward Allah, driven by longing and passion.
The Institution of the Hashemite Throne in the Hejaz between Politics and Administration during the Reign of Sharif Hussein Bin Ali 1916-1924 AD
This study aims to examine the political and administrative role of the Hashemite Royal Palace in the Kingdom of Hejaz during the reign of Sharif Hussein bin Ali during the period 1916-1924 AD. The problem of the study lies in explaining this role, its size and importance. Therefore, the study seeks to answer two main questions: (What is the political role played by the Hashemite Royal Palace in the Kingdom of Hejaz during the reign of Hussein bin Ali during the period mentioned above? And what was the administrative role of the palace during that period?). Hence, this study is based on the hypothesis: “The Hashemite royal palace during the reign of Sharif Hussein bin Ali played a major and effective role in the political and administrative aspects of the Kingdom of Hejaz during his reign, and that this had a positive impact on the Kingdom of Hejaz”. To answer the questions and achieve the research objectives, the study relies on two approaches (descriptive analytical and levels of analysis approach). The research is divided into (introduction and two chapters: the first: the political role of the Hashemite royal palace in the Kingdom of Hejaz during the reign of Sharif Hussein bin Ali during the period 1916-1924 AD, and the second: the administrative role of the Hashemite royal palace in the Kingdom of Hejaz during the reign of Sharif Hussein bin Ali during the period 1916-1924 AD, and a conclusion.
The Legal Perspective on the Contract of the Cheerleaders
The principle of contractual freedom in civil law permits individuals to engage in any agreements they desire that cater to their legitimate interests, as long as these agreements do not contravene mandatory legal provisions, public order, or public morals. Among the agreements formed by individuals is the "cheerleader contract", in which a group commits to promoting a theatrical, cultural, sporting, or entertainment event through different methods, like clapping and cheering, to sway the audience. This study examines the legal dimensions of the cheerleader contract, encompassing its definition, traits, and differentiation from analogous contracts, while also elucidating its legal nature. The paper adopts both descriptive and analytical approaches, clarifying the legal definition of the cheerleader contract, examining its traits and characteristics, and evaluating the applicable legal clauses in the Jordanian Civil Code related to contract regulations, relating them to the cheerleader contract. The researcher determined that the cheerleader contract represents a legal agreement that lacks dedicated regulation, even though it is significant in practice. The researcher suggests that the Jordanian legislator should take action to regulate the terms of this contract to ensure public rights and safeguard them from potential harm that might arise from its use without clear regulations.
The level of emotional intelligence among Jordanian university students and the effect of some variables on it
This research seeks to uncover the degree of emotional intelligence in Jordanian university students and the influence of specific variables on it. A correlational descriptive method is employed. The study's demographic includes all undergraduate students registered in Jordanian universities, amounting to 279,488 students, divided as such: 201,193 students in public universities and 78,295 students in private universities for the academic year 2021-2022. The sample for the study included 1,667 students, chosen through stratified random sampling. The Emotional Intelligence Scale (Mayer and Salovey, 1997) is translated into Arabic, verified, and its psychometric characteristics are assessed. The findings indicate that the emotional states of the participants are: "Needs development" (8 students, 0.5%) and "Needs improvement" (405 students, 0.24%). "Low," with a count of (461) at (28.0%). "High," with a count of (352) at (0.21%). "Capable," totaling (239) at (0.14%). "Robust," counting (142) at (0.9%). "Powerful and significant," counting (60) at (0.4%). The findings indicate statistically significant differences across all emotional intelligence dimensions based on the type of faculty variable, with (Scientific) faculties showing advantages over (Humanities and Health). No distinctions are observed between (Humanities and Health). Statistically significant variations are identified in the dimensions (emotion regulation, emotion recognition, emotion experience, and emotional blend) based on the gender variable, with females showing advantages. Differences that are statistically significant are also observed in the aspects (emotional facilitation, emotional volatility, emotional control, experiencing emotions, and emotional mix) of the emotional intelligence scale based on the university variable, favoring (public).
Reporter’s Role in Shaping Environmental Awareness by Enriching News Broadcasts on Jordanian Television
This research aims to uncover the role of news reporters in enhancing news programs on Jordanian television concerning the development of public environmental consciousness. The research is founded on the idea that news journalists are essential in communicating and tackling environmental matters in news reporting, thereby helping to enhance public environmental awareness. The research utilizes a descriptive-analytical method, designing a questionnaire given to a sample of staff in the news division of the Jordan Radio and Television Corporation. The research found that news journalists significantly enhance environmental coverage by choosing pertinent subjects, utilizing trustworthy sources, and integrating aspects that raise awareness in their reports. The findings also highlight obstacles obstructing the coverage of environmental topics, particularly the absence of specialized training along with time and resource limitations. The research suggests that improving environmental education for journalists and implementing eco-friendly media policies in the media organization is essential.
The Level of Institutional Excellence and Its Impact on Improving Employee Performance in the Public Security Directorate in Jordan
This research seeks to evaluate the degree of institutional excellence and its influence on the development of employee performance in the Public Security Directorate of Jordan. The study examines three key questions centered on assessing the degree of institutional excellence, the performance levels of employees, and the statistical correlation between institutional excellence and performance enhancement. The research utilizes a descriptive-analytical method by employing a questionnaire given to a sample of (221) employees from different departments within the Public Security Directorate. The EFQM Excellence Model is utilized to determine the aspects of institutional excellence (innovation, customer orientation, and employee involvement) and to assess its performance. The findings show that the degree of institutional excellence in the Directorate is largely favorable, significantly influencing the development of employee performance. The research indicates that dedication to institutional excellence significantly aids in boosting job performance quality and increasing satisfaction for both employees and beneficiaries. Moreover, the research suggests promoting an innovative culture and creating training initiatives to enhance performance and attain lasting excellence in the security industry.